Spiders are a hyper-diverse taxon and among the most abundant predators in nearly all terrestrial habitats. Their success is often attributed to key developments in their evolution such as silk and venom production and major apomorphies such as a whole-genome duplication. Resolving deep relationships within the spider tree of life has been historically challenging, making it difficult to measure the relative importance of these novelties. Whole-genome data offer an essential resource in these efforts, but also for functional genomic studies. Here, we present de novo assemblies for three spider species: Ryuthela nishihirai (Heptathelidae), a representative of the ancient Mesothelae, the suborder which is sister to all other extant spiders; Uloborus plumipes (Uloboridae), a cribellate orbweaver whose phylogenetic placement is especially challenging; and Cheiracanthium punctorium (Cheiracanthiidae), which represents only the second family to be sequenced in the hyper-diverse Dionycha clade. These genomes fill critical gaps in the spider tree of life. Using these novel genomes along with 25 previously published ones, we examine two proposed drivers of diversification: spidroin gene and structural hox cluster diversity. Our analyses show that spidroin diversification as well as hox cluster duplication and restructuring mirror spider diversification, hence suggesting a key role in the evolutionary success of the group. Our assemblies provide critical genomic resources to facilitate deeper investigations into spider evolution. The near chromosome-level genome of the “living fossil” R. nishihirai represents an especially important step forward, offering new insights into the origins of spider traits.

Title: A 7-year-old with extravaginal torsion of an undescended testicle in the left inguinal region: The first case report from Syria.

Previous transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) research suggests that dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) influences neuroplasticity within primary motor cortex (M1) through indirect (I) wave interneuronal circuits. However, it is unclear how the influence of PMd on the plasticity of M1 I-waves changes with advancing age. This study therefore investigated the neuroplastic effects of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) to M1 early and late I-wave circuits when preceded by iTBS (PMd iTBS-M1 iTBS) or sham stimulation (PMd sham-M1 iTBS) to PMd in 15 young and 16 older adults. M1 excitability was assessed with motor evoked potentials (MEP) recorded from right first dorsal interosseous using posterior-anterior (PA) and anterior-posterior (AP) current TMS at standard stimulation intensities (PA1mV, AP1mV) and reduced stimulation intensities (PA0.5mV, early I-waves; AP0.5mV, late I-waves). PMd iTBS-M1 iTBS disrupted the expected facilitation of PA0.5mV (to M1 iTBS) in young and older adults (P = 0.009), whereas the intervention had no effect on AP0.5mV facilitation in either group (P = 0.305). This suggests that the influence of PMd on M1 plasticity is preserved in older adults and may involve projections to early I-wave circuits within M1.

In bacteria, faithful DNA segregation of chromosomes and plasmids is mainly mediated by ParABS systems. These systems, consisting of a ParA ATPase, a DNA binding ParB CTPase, and centromere sites parS, orchestrate the separation of newly replicated DNA copies and their intracellular positioning. Accurate segregation relies on the assembly of a high-molecular-weight complex, comprising a few hundreds of ParB dimers nucleated from parS sites. This complex assembles in a multi-step process and exhibits dynamic liquid-droplet properties. Despite various proposed models, the complete mechanism for partition complex assembly remains elusive. This study investigates the impact of DNA supercoiling on ParB DNA binding profiles in vivo, using the ParABS system of the plasmid F. We found that variations in DNA supercoiling does not significantly affect any steps in the assembly of the partition complex. Furthermore, physical modeling, leveraging ChIP-seq data from linear plasmids F, suggests that ParB sliding is restricted to approximately 2-Kbp from parS, highlighting the necessity for additional mechanisms beyond ParB sliding over DNA for concentrating ParB into condensates nucleated at parS. Lastly, explicit simulations of a polymer coated with bound ParB suggest a dominant role for ParB-ParB interactions in DNA compaction within ParB condensates.

In bacteria, the chromosome is folded into a structure called the nucleoid. This compaction must facilitate and maintain key biological processes such as gene expression and DNA transactions (replication, recombination, repair, segregation). Chromosome and chromatin 3D-organization in bacteria has been a puzzle for decades. Chromosome conformation capture coupled to deep sequencing (HiC) in combination with other ‘omics’ approaches has allowed dissection of the structural layers that shape bacterial chromosome organization, from DNA topology to global chromosome architecture. Here we review the latest findings in the field and discuss the main features of bacterial genome folding.

Background: Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common malignant tumor of the salivary glands, accounting for approximately one-third of all salivary gland tumors. Based on the proportion of epidermoid and mucous cells, MEC is classified into three grades. High-grade MEC, an extremely rare malignancy, has a higher proportion of epidermoid cells and a poorer prognosis. Currently, there has been no standard treatment for patients with positive surgical margins after parotidectomy. Case description: This case report describes the successful treatment of a patient with high-grade parotid MEC and positive surgical margins using toripalimab plus cetuximab combined with radiotherapy, who achieved complete response one month after the completion of treatment. Conclusion: We report a case in which a patient with locally advanced high-grade parotid MEC with R2 resection achieved a complete response after postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy combined with toripalimab and cetuximab.

Title: A case of pigmented subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus distributed along the Blaschko’s line combined with generalized morphea in a childKey words: subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus, blaschko’s line, generalized morpheaXiaoxian Li1,2, Zhongxiang Shi1,2, Yongxia Liu1,2, Shengli Chen1,2, Guoyan Liu1,21. Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University.2. Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences.Corresponding author: Guoyan Liu,Address: No.27397, Jingshi Road, Huaiyin Districttelephone number: 18863691975Email: [email protected] word count: 574Figure count: 2References: 6

In this note, we consider the initial boundary value problem for a parabolic equation with logarithmic nonlinearity, which has been studied by Chen et al. (J. Math. Anal. Appl. 2015, 422, 84-98) and Han (J. Math. Anal. Appl. 2019, 474, 513-517). On the one hand, we not only prove the existence of doubly exponential decay solutions, but also find its threshold, and obtain the solutions with ∥ u 0 ∥ 2 2 → 0 + is always zero. On the other hand, we also prove the existence of doubly exponential growth solutions. The reseach results in this note extend previous results from both decay and growth.

Iranian crack cocaine is one of the drugs of abuse used in Iran which can negatively impact the immune system and its regulation. This study aims to determine the effect of one month of administration of crack cocaine on Wistar rats. Methods and materials: Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups of 10 and received crack injection intraperitoneal for one, two, and three weeks respectively, and the last group was control .Blood samples were collected 24 hours after the last injection and neutrophil and lymphocyte counts were studied using optical microscope. Results: Neutrophils count decreased significantly after a one-month crack administration, while Lymphocyte count had a significant increase. Conclusion: Our findings showed that Iranian crack cocaine can reduce immune system functions in rat models.

Persistent olfactory impairment (POI) and dysgeusia are lingering symptoms following recovery from Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. These symptoms, along with neurological changes affecting mood, anxiety, cognitive function, and sleep, have significant public health implications. However, the cause of these symptoms is still unknown. For this reason, we investigated whether the presence of certain proteins, such as amyloid Aβ and α-synuclein in the olfactory mucosa tissue of POI patients, could be associated with neurological changes. We conducted a study where we collected tissue biopsies and cultured cells from patients with normosmic non-cognitive impairment, hyposmic mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer’s disease, and persistent olfactory impairment (POI) who had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 for 20 months or more. We then examined the expression of amyloid Aβ, α-Synuclein, and tau proteins using immuno-fluorescence and flow cytometry methodology. Our findings revealed that for the first time, amyloid Aβ, α-Synuclein, and tau proteins were detected in olfactory mucosa tissue sections and in cultured olfactory-derived mesenchymal stromal cells from patients with normosmia, hyposmia, and POI post-SARS-CoV-2 with neurological alterations. We also observed that POI occurred in younger post-COVID-19 patients than in those with hyposmia-mild cognitive impairment and normosmia non-cognitive impairment. Immunoreactive positive cells for Aβ, α-syn, and tau proteins were observed in sustentacular-like cells, intermediate cells, and parenchymal sub-lamina propria cells from olfactory mucosa tissue. Our study suggests that the presence of these biomarkers in middle-aged patients may indicate a protein dysmetabolism that could contribute to the progression of a neurodegenerative disorder.

Caring for children with asthma continues to be an essential responsibility of the pediatric pulmonologist. In this Pediatric Pulmonology Year in Review, we summarize the significant publications focused on pediatric asthma that have been published over the last year. We will discuss new findings that assist in the diagnosis and evaluation of pediatric asthma, highlight risk factors and social determinants that impact successful care, and discuss new interventions and treatment modalities for acute exacerbations and maintenance control. We hope this review can provide new insights and guidance for implementation into clinical practice within the field of pediatric asthma.

The new species Ophiorrhiza gajureliana is described and illustrated. It was found in the Lower Dibang Valley district, Arunachal Pradesh, India. The conservation status of the taxon is also assessed as Critically Endangered.

Globally, biodiversity is at risk of extinction, and megadiverse countries become key targets for conservation. South Africa, the only country hosting three biodiversity hotspots, harbours tremendous diversity of at-risk species deserving to be protected. However, the lengthy risk assessment process and the lack of required data to complete assessments is a serious limitation to conservation since several species may slide into extinction while awaiting risk assessment. Here, we employed deep neural network model integrating species climatic and geographic features to predict the conservation status of 116 unassessed plant species. Our analysis involved in total 1072 plant species and 112 066 occurrence points. The best-performing model exhibits high accuracy, reaching up to 83.6% at the binary classification and 56.8% at the detailed classification. Our best-performing model predicts that 32% and 8% of Data Deficient and Not-Evaluated species are likely threatened, respectively, amounting to a proportion of 24.1% of unassessed species facing a risk of extinction. Interestingly, all unassessed species predicted to be threatened are in protected areas, revealing the effectiveness of the South Africa’s network of protected areas in conservation, although these likely threatened species are more abundant outside protected areas. Considering the limitation in assessing only species with available data, there remains a possibility of a higher proportion of unassessed species being imperiled.

A questionnaire survey was conducted among 2137 college students from more than 10 colleges and universities in Zhejiang Province and Jiangsu Province. The data were analyzed by correlation analysis and moderated mediation model test. The results showed that group psychology such as emotional infection, depersonalization, silent spiral, relative deprivation, group polarization and action mobilization can positively predict network cluster behavior; The action mobilization of opinion leaders plays a mediating effect between emotional infection and network cluster behavior; Group polarization plays a mediating effect between the silent spiral and network cluster behavior; Group efficacy plays a regulatory role in the latter half of the intermediary process of group polarization affecting network cluster behavior.

Background: This report summarizes the discussions and conclusions from the “Correlates of Protection for Next Generation Influenza Vaccines: Lessons Learned from the COVID-19 Pandemic” meeting which took place in Seattle, USA, from March 1, 2023, to March 3, 2023. Conclusions: Discussions around influenza virus correlates of protection and their use continued from where the discussion had been left off in 2019. While there was not much progress in the influenza field itself, many lessons learned during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, especially the importance of mucosal immunity, were discussed and can directly be applied to influenza correlates of protection.

TITLENeuroendocrine tumor mimicking a recalcitrant vocal fold granuloma: appearances can be deceiving

A document by Jianqiao Wang. Click on the document to view its contents.

Pochonia chlamydosporia, a nematophagous fungus is well-known for its biocontrol potential against plant-parasitic nematodes. This review paper documented colonization patterns of P. chlamydosporia in soil, roots, and the rhizosphere, highlighting the impact of various abiotic factors on its establishment. The biocontrol efficacy of P. chlamydosporia against nematodes, including Meloidogyne spp., Globodera spp., and Heterodera spp., is extensively discussed, covering its mode of action and application methods. Additionally, the review delves into the enzyme secretion, endophytic nature, and secondary metabolites produced by P. chlamydosporia, shedding light on their roles in nematode control and plant growth promotion. P. chlamydosporia application triggers the activation of plant defence mechanisms is also elucidated, emphasizing its potential to induce a robust defence response in host plants. Overall, this comprehensive review consolidates the current knowledge on P. chlamydosporia, offering valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers involved in sustainable nematode management strategies.

Left Atrial Strain

Insects exhibit diverse colours that play a crucial role in communication that directs inter- and intra-species interactions such as predator-prey interactions and sexual selection. Anthropogenic climate change may impact insects colour expression and consequently their physiology and behaviour. Insects can respond to changing climatic through phenotypic plasticity or genetic modification, however it is unclear how any of the resulting changes in body and wing colour may impact interactions with conspecifics and heterospecific (e.g., predator, prey, and mate). The aim of this review is to synthesis the current knowledge of the consequences of climate driven colour change on insects. Firstly, we discussed the environmental factors that affect insect colours, and then we outlined the adaptive mechanisms in terms of phenotypic plasticity and microevolutionary response. Secondly, we conducted a systematic review and performed a qualitative analysis to understand how experimental rearing temperature influences insect colouration. Finally, we gave an overview of the beneficial or maladaptive impact of colour change on sexual selection. We concluded by identifying research gaps and highlight potential future research areas.

The Core‐Periphery Hypothesis (CPH) predicts that genetic diversity is greatest at the centre and lowest at the edges of a species’ distribution because genetic diversity is a function of a species’ abundance, which is also expected to be greatest at the centre and lowest at the edges of the distribution. Variants of the CPH include the ‘ramped north’ (greatest variation in the north), the ‘ramped south’ (greatest in the south), and the ‘abundant edge’ (greatest at the distributional edges). Here, we present the first standardised multi‐phylum analysis of the CPH using 9 indices of genetic diversity for New Zealand’s marine biota, covering 52 species. Based on 80 studies across 8 phyla, spatial variation in the genetic indices was tested against four models (Normal, Ramped North, Ramped South, Abundant Edge). Only 22.7% of all individual taxon‐specific tests were statistically significant: Ramped North (10.5%), Ramped South (7.4%), Abundant Edge (2.6%) and Normal (2.2%). Nonetheless, amongst the Chordata (Ramped North and Ramped South), Arthropoda (Ramped South) and Mollusca (Ramped North) a reasonably consistent pattern of genetic variation was observed within each phylum. Spatially‐explicit genetic diversity of the remaining taxa fitted different models but without any obvious pattern across the phyla. Generalised binomial testing of observed p‐values for each genetic index across all studies revealed that 10 of 29 tests were significant (5 ramped north, 2 normal, 2 ramped south, 1 abundant edge). Overall, our meta‐analysis revealed no real support for the CPH and only limited support for a Ramped model (either Ramped North or Ramped South) of spatially‐explicit genetic diversity. For New Zealand coastal marine taxa we conclude that consistently strong patterns of genetic variation across multiple taxa do not exist and the CPH requires extensive testing from multiple other regions before we can say that such patterns exist, let alone explain them.

An Organophosphorus Nerve agent, VX [(O-Ethyl S-diisopropylaminomethyl) methylphosphonothiolate] compound interfere with acetylcholine signaling by targeting the AChE enzyme. Studies suggest that in nerve agents poisoning, non-cholinergic effects are also responsible for damages in peripheral tissues including long term damage in brain. Present study reports cholinergic and non-cholinergic effects of VX poisoning and their reversal by combinational therapy using conventional antidotes atropine sulphate and 2-PAM chloride along with N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) as an antioxidant. In present study, it was attempted to prevent the toxic effects of nerve agent poisoning by using combination therapy with NAC so as to prevent both cholinergic and non-cholinergic damages. NAC was chosen as this molecule is available as approved drug for medical conditions including oxidative damage and mucolysis. Results of the study showed that NAC adjuvant treated groups had better recovery not only in cholinesterase level, it maintained intracellular and tissue GSH level, reduced in ROS generation and lipid peroxidation. Cell cycle analysis and histopathological results showed NAC could able to protect the damage. In conclusion it was found that combination therapy of antioxidant; NAC along with standard atropine-oxime treatment is helpful in reducing the cholinergic and oxidative stress mediated toxicity induced by VX.

Introduction Implantable permanent pacemaker function is supported by their energy sources by a mean period of 8,8 to 12,4 years. We previously published this case of a patient with a normally functioning VVI pacemaker, 31 years after implantation. Methods and Results In this report, we state that the device is still functioning normally 40 years after implantation. The most recent device interrogation revealed pacing threshold of 0.9 V/0.5 ms. Holter monitoring for 24 hours recorded a total of 98.707 beats with 97,78% paced beats, without any indication of pacemaker malfunction and with stable heart rate at 70-71 bpm. Conclusion Most patients with implantable devices have the appropriate follow-up and settings of low energy consumption. Manufacturing companies are mainly considered responsible for achieving prolonged device longevity, focusing on the goal of high energy capacity of future devices.

A case of renal hypouricemia due to T217M mutation in SLC22A12incidentally associated with IgA nephropathyYoshimasa Sakurabu, MD,1. Haruhito A. Uchida, MD, PhD,1. 2.Toshihisa Tahara, MD,1. Tomohiko Asakawa, MD,1 Haruka Yamasaki, MD,1.3.Katsuyoshi Katayama MD,1. Shugo Okamoto, MD,1.Yasuhiro Onishi, MD, PhD,1. Natsumi Matsuoka-Uchiyama, MD,1.Keiko Tanaka, MD, PhD,1. Hidemi Takeuchi, MD, PhD,1.Kenji Tsuji, MD, PhD,1. Ryoko Umebayashi, MD, PhD,1.Yuki Ohashi, PhD,4,5 Kimiyoshi Ichida, MD, PhD,4. Jun Wada, MD, PhD1.Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, JapanDepartment of Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, JapanDepartment of Internal Medicine, Kagawa Rosai Hospital, Kagawa, JapanDepartment of Pathophysiology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Tochigi, JapanCorrespondence to:Haruhito A. UchidaDepartment of Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease,Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan2‑5‑1 Shikata‑cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700‑8558, Japan.Phone: +81-86-235-7235, FAX: [email protected]